Psychology terms starting with M: English–Arabic index
This index organizes common psychology and mental-health terms that begin with M in English. The Arabic equivalents are paired with the distinction that prevents the most common misunderstanding. Use it as a navigation layer: the short definition introduces the concept, while linked Rawafid pages provide the deeper scientific or clinical explanation.
Mental Health — الصحة النفسية
Mental health is more than the absence of a diagnosed disorder. It includes the ability to function, relate, learn, work, cope with stress and participate in community life. Distress can occur without a mental disorder, and a person with a diagnosed condition can still experience meaningful well-being and participation.
Mania — الهوس
Mania is a distinct period of markedly elevated, expansive or irritable mood with increased energy or activity and other changes such as reduced need for sleep, rapid speech, racing thoughts, increased goal-directed activity or risky behavior. It is not ordinary happiness, productivity or a brief mood swing. Severe impairment, hospitalization or psychotic features can distinguish mania from hypomania.
Memory — الذاكرة
Memory is not one storage box. It includes encoding, retention and retrieval across systems such as working, episodic, semantic and procedural memory. A poor recall episode can reflect attention, stress, sleep or retrieval conditions rather than permanent loss of information.
Metacognition — ما وراء المعرفة
Metacognition is thinking about and monitoring one’s own thinking. It includes knowing what strategies are available, judging whether learning is actually occurring, and changing strategy when confidence and performance do not match. It is closely related to learning but is not identical to intelligence or executive function.
Mindfulness — اليقظة الذهنية
Mindfulness involves intentionally attending to present-moment experience with openness and less automatic judgment. It does not require “emptying the mind,” and its purpose is not always immediate relaxation. Rawafid’s mindfulness page distinguishes the practice from relaxation and from rumination.
Motivation — الدافعية
Motivation refers to processes that initiate, direct and sustain behavior toward goals. It can be influenced by interest, value, expectancy, autonomy, rewards, habits and environmental friction. Low motivation should not automatically be interpreted as laziness because fatigue, depression, pain, unclear goals and inaccessible environments can all change behavior.
Mental Fatigue — التعب النفسي أو الذهني
Mental fatigue is reduced cognitive energy or efficiency after sustained mental or emotional effort. It may show as slower processing, distractibility or reduced persistence. It is different from sleepiness, although insufficient sleep can worsen it. Persistent or sudden fatigue can also have medical, medication-related or psychological causes.
How to use this index
When an English paper uses an M term, check whether it is a diagnosis, symptom, cognitive process, intervention or broad construct before translating it. For clinical terms such as mania, the label alone does not establish a diagnosis; episode pattern, duration, impairment and differential assessment matter.
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