Psychology terms starting with B: English–Arabic index
Purpose This index helps Arabic readers find common psychology, mental-health, education and behavior terms that begin with the letter B in English. It is a navigation page, not a diagnostic glossary. Each entry gives the usual Arabic equivalent and the idea that distinguishes it from neighboring terms.
Behavior — السلوك Observable actions and responses in a context. In psychology, behavior is described before its function or cause is inferred. A behavior may reflect learning, emotion, communication, pain, environmental demands or many interacting factors.
Behavioral activation — التنشيط السلوكي A structured intervention that increases engagement in meaningful or reinforcing activities, especially when depression and avoidance have narrowed daily life. It is more specific than generic advice to stay busy because activities are selected, scheduled and reviewed against mood and function.
Behavioral assessment — التقييم السلوكي A process of defining behavior, context, triggers, consequences and function using interviews, observation and data. Functional assessment is especially important when challenging behavior may communicate pain, escape, attention, access or sensory needs.
Bias — التحيز A systematic tendency that can distort judgment, measurement, sampling, analysis or interpretation. Research bias differs from an individual cognitive bias, although both involve patterned departures from an ideal process.
Bipolar disorder — الاضطراب ثنائي القطب A mood disorder characterized by episodes that include mania or hypomania and, in many people, depressive episodes. It is not the same as ordinary mood swings. Diagnosis depends on episode pattern, duration, severity, impairment and differential assessment.
Body image — صورة الجسد A person’s perceptions, thoughts and feelings about their body and appearance. Body image can be positive, negative or mixed and is influenced by development, culture, relationships and media. It is not synonymous with body weight.
Body dysmorphic disorder — اضطراب تشوّه صورة الجسد A mental disorder involving persistent preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others, with repetitive behaviors or mental acts and significant distress or impairment. It should not be reduced to ordinary dissatisfaction with appearance.
Boundaries — الحدود الشخصية أو النفسية Limits that define what a person accepts, shares, takes responsibility for or declines in relationships. Healthy boundaries support consent, privacy and autonomy; they are not walls that eliminate closeness.
Brain–behavior relationship — علاقة الدماغ بالسلوك A core idea in neuropsychology: cognitive, emotional and behavioral functions emerge from brain systems interacting with health and environment. A single behavior rarely identifies a specific brain lesion by itself.
Bullying — التنمر Repeated aggressive behavior involving a power imbalance or perceived power imbalance. Bullying can be physical, verbal, relational or digital. A single conflict between peers is not automatically bullying, although it may still require intervention.
Burnout — الاحتراق المهني WHO describes burn-out in ICD-11 as an occupational phenomenon resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed, characterized by exhaustion, increased mental distance or cynicism toward the job, and reduced professional efficacy. It is not classified by WHO as a medical condition.
Bereavement — الفقد بسبب الوفاة The state of having lost someone through death. Grief is the emotional, cognitive, physical and social response to loss; bereavement refers to the situation of loss itself. Cultural and family practices shape how it is expressed.
Binge eating — الأكل بنهم Eating an unusually large amount of food in a discrete period with a sense of loss of control. Recurrent binge eating can occur in several eating-disorder presentations; one episode alone does not establish a diagnosis.
Biofeedback — الارتجاع البيولوجي A technique that provides real-time information about physiological signals such as muscle tension, breathing or heart-rate-related measures so a person can learn regulation skills. Clinical usefulness varies by problem, protocol and evidence base.
Bilingualism — ثنائية اللغة The use of two languages across life contexts. In developmental and clinical assessment, bilingual ability should be interpreted across both languages and exposure histories; using two languages is not itself a language disorder.
How to use this index Search the English term when reading an international paper, then use the Arabic equivalent to locate the relevant Rawafid section. If a term is diagnostic, read the condition-specific page rather than using the one-line definition to self-diagnose. If a term is methodological, check its research context because the same word can have a different meaning in statistics, clinical care and everyday language.
تمت المراجعة من قبل فريق روافد.