Psychology terms starting with I: English–Arabic index
This page is a curated navigation index for psychology and mental-health terms that begin with the letter I in English. It gives the usual Arabic equivalent, the distinction that matters most, and a route to deeper Rawafid content when a reviewed page is available. It is not a diagnostic checklist and does not treat English labels as exact one-to-one translations in every scientific context.
Intelligence — الذكاء
Intelligence is a broad construct involving learning, reasoning, problem solving and adaptation. A single IQ score is not the whole construct and should be interpreted with the test version, normative sample, confidence interval, language and functional context. Rawafid’s dedicated term page explains the limits of intelligence testing and the difference between measured performance and a person’s overall abilities.
Intellectual disability — الإعاقة الذهنية
Intellectual disability is defined by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that begin during the developmental period. Contemporary assessment does not rely on IQ alone; conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills and the supports a person needs are central. See the reviewed Rawafid encyclopedia entry for assessment, learning, communication and support.
Intrinsic motivation — الدافعية الداخلية
Intrinsic motivation means engaging in an activity because the activity itself is interesting, satisfying or meaningful rather than only to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment. It is one component of motivation, not proof that rewards are always harmful. Context, autonomy, competence, task value and prior experience can all change motivation.
Insomnia — الأرق
Insomnia involves persistent difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep or obtaining restorative sleep despite an adequate opportunity for sleep, together with meaningful daytime impact. It differs from simply not allowing enough time for sleep. Rawafid’s insomnia guide covers sleep opportunity, sleep diary use, common maintaining factors and CBT-I.
Introversion — الانطواء
Introversion is a personality tendency toward lower stimulation and more preference for solitary or small-group activity. It is not the same as social anxiety, shyness or harmful isolation. The practical distinction is whether a person chooses lower-stimulation settings comfortably or avoids desired situations because of fear or distress.
Interdependence — الاعتمادية المتبادلة
Interdependence describes relationships in which people can rely on one another while retaining agency, boundaries and responsibility. It differs from both complete self-sufficiency and a pattern in which one person loses choice or bears responsibilities that belong to another.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology — علم النفس الصناعي والتنظيمي
Industrial-organizational psychology applies psychological science to work: personnel selection, performance, leadership, team processes, job design, safety and employee well-being. It overlaps with human resources but is not identical to it; measurement quality, research design and ethical use of assessment are core parts of the field.
How to use this index
Use the English term when reading international research, then open the Arabic concept page to check meaning, boundaries and related terms. For clinical concepts such as insomnia or intellectual disability, the index is only a starting point; assessment and diagnosis depend on the full clinical or developmental context.
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